IUCN/SSC Otter Specialist Group Bulletin
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©IUCN/SCC Otter Specialist Group Volume 37(A) Special Issue (November 2020) Citation: Camp, V.L. (2020). A Bibliography on the North American River Otter Lontra canadensis. Seventh Edition. IUCN Otter Spec. Group Bull. 37 (A): 3 - 71 A Bibliography On The North American River Otter Lontra canadensis. Seventh Edition Victor L. Camp 1
1The Water School Department of Ecology and Environmental Studies , Florida Gulf Coast University, Ft. Myers, FL USA. |
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Originally published August 2013; revised February 2014 as IUCN OSG Bull. 30(A), 2013
(First Edition) |
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INTRODUCTION
Since retiring to Florida I have had more free time to enjoy the wildlife around me. As I met people and we became acquainted they eventually discovered I was a zoologist. Many of these people were interested in animals and wanted to share their interests and observations. Invariably someone would tell me they saw an otter in the pond, creek or river behind their house. Some told me they saw an otter or two or three walking down a quiet road built next to a drainage ditch, small canal or harbor that is connected to a nearby river. People have seen otters running across two lane roadways or, unfortunately, attempting to cross an interstate highway. Others told me they always see otters in the ponds in their gated community which is a relatively large housing development surrounded by a fence and having restricted access. Golfers told me they saw otters on the golf course. One couple told me about the otter that returned on several occasions to eat the koi in the pond outside their restaurant. As a consequence of these conversations I decided to keep a log of otter sightings. With this relatively prevalent species all around me I considered a number of otter research projects I might undertake where I live near the coast of southwest Florida.
The next step was to gather information on the North American river otter. When I first published this bibliography I did not have access to a library at a major university, and was neither a student nor a faculty member. The literature search was conducted from books and hard copies of scientific articles I had at my immediate disposal and from scientific journal articles published directly online or stored in the extensive online journal storage databases. Literature Cited sections of these articles were reviewed. It was evident an up-to-date bibliography did not exist for Lontra [Lutra] canadensis. I knew the literature search I was conducting would have to be very extensive to satisfy my curiosity. As the bibliography evolved I realized it would be worth sharing when completed.
A conscious decision was made regarding inclusion of articles in the bibliography. The title of many articles did not contain a direct reference to otters and was not included in the bibliography. The title of other articles neither included the scientific name of the North American river otter nor “North American” or “Nearctic” and only made reference to “river otters” or “otters.” When the content of these articles was reviewed and it was evident the article referred to the North American river otter the article was included in the bibliography.
The bibliography was originally compiled for those undergraduates and graduates searching for publications relative to a potential research project on the North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) and for independent scientists, with an interest in the North American river otter, who do not have access to library at a major university. Hopefully, this and previous publications of this bibliography, will be of value to those scientists planning to expand their scientific investigations on the North American river otter.
In this seventh edition, it was decided to omit publications listed on the internet as in preparation, press, or review; electronically published (ahead of journal publication); and those “watch for” publications. Publications from websites will continue to remain part of the bibliography.
In preparing this seventh revision, new and recently discovered publications have been included in the main body of the bibliography. These particular publications are also in an addendum. This allows individuals, who have a complete version of the previous bibliography, to download the new and recently publications separate from the entire bibliography.
A Bibliography on the North American River Otter (Lontra canadensis)
7th Edition
Compiled by
Victor L. Camp
Journal Articles | Web Articles
Abram, J.B. and J.R. Lichtenfels. (1974). Larval Eustrongylide ssp.(Nemotoda: Dioctopphyma toidea) from otter (Lutra canadensis) in Maryland. Proceedings of the Helminthological Society of Washington, 41(2): 253.
Acevedo-Gutiérrez, A., M. Lance, and B. Buzzell. (2014). Spatial and temporal variation in river otter (Lontra canadensis) diet and predation on rockfish (Genus Sebastes) in the San Juan Islands, Washington. Aquatic Mammals, 40(2): 150-161.
Addison, E.M., M.A. Strickland, A.B. Stephenson, and J. Hoeve. (1988). Cranial lesions possibly associated with Skrjabingylus (Nematoda: Metastrongyloidea) infections in martens, fishers, and otters. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 66(10): 2155-2159.
Addison, E.M., G.A. Fox, and M. Gilbertson. (eds.). (1991). Proceedings of the expert consultation meeting on mink and otter. March 5 and 6, 1991. Sponsored by Environment Canada and Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources, Windsor, Ontario. 30 pp.
Agnew, M. A.M. Zajac, S.A. Smith, and M. Fies. (2009). Parasites of the northern river otter (Lontra canadensis) in Virginia. USA. International Association of Aquatic Animal Medicine. (no additional publication information located, V.L. Camp)
Albeke, S.E., N.P. Nibberlink, and M. Ben-David. (2015). Modeling behavior by coastal river otter (Lontra canadensis) in response to prey availability in Prince William Sound, Alaska: A spatially- explicit individual-based approach. PLOS ONE 10(6): e0126208.doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0126208.
Albeke, S.E., N.P. Nibbelink, L. Mu, and D.J. Ellsworth. (2010). Measuring boundary convexity at multiple spatial scales using a linear “moving window” analysis: an application to coastal river otter habitat selection. Landscape Ecology, 25(10): 1575-1587.
Allen, C.R. (2008). Nebraska reintroduction efforts. The River Otter Journal, XVII(I): 7.
Allen, D. (2010). Otter. Reaktion Books, Ltd., 183pp.
Almonte, C. (2011). The vocal repertoire of captive North American river otters (Lontra canadensis): individual differences and shared repertoires. Ph.D., City University of New York. New York, New York.
Almonte, C. (2014). Classification of captive river otters (Lontra canadensis) vocal repertoires: individual variations and age class comparisons. Animal Behavior and Cognition, 1(4): 502- 517.
Amundson, R. (1950). The Carolina otter. Iowa Conservationist, Des Moines. 9(9): 65, 69, Illus.
Andelt, F. (1988). Unusual movements of river otters released in Nebraska. Prairie Naturalist, 20: 108.
Anderson, E.A. (1982). Status and distribution of the river otter (Lutra canadensis) in Illinois. M.S., Southern Illinois University, Carbondale, Illinois.
Anderson, E.A. (1995). Status in the Midwest and Illinois. Pp. 22-23. In: Bluett, R. (ed.). Illinois river otter recovery plan. Illinois Department of Natural Resources.
Anderson, E.A., and A. Woolf. (1984). River otter (Lutra canadensis) habitat utilization in northwestern Illinois. Final Report. Illinois Department of Conservation. 90 pp.
Anderson, E.A. (1985). River otter management plans: presented to the Division of Forest Resources and Natural Heritage, Illinois Department of Conservation, Springfield, Illinois. Final Report. Southern Illinois University, Cooperative Wildlife Research Laboratory, 201 pages.
Anderson, E.A., and A. Woolf. (1987). River otter food habits in northwestern Illinois. Transactions of the Illinois Academy of Science 80: 115-118.
Anderson, E.A. (1987). Past studies of the river otter (Lutra canadensis) in Illinois. Transactions of the Illinois Academy Science, 80(suppl.): 59.
Anderson, K.L. (1981). Population and reproduction characteristics of the river otter in Virginia and tissue concentrations of environmental contaminants. M.S., Virginia Polytechnic Institute and State University. Blacksburg, Virginia.
Anderson, K.L. and P.F. Scanlon. (1981)a. Organ weights of river otters. Virginia Journal of Science, 32(3): 86.
Anderson, K.L. and P.F. Scanlon. (1981)b. Heavy metal concentrations in tissues of river otters from Virginia. Virginia Journal of Science, 32(3): 87.
Anderson, K.L. and P.F. Scanlon. (1981)c. Reproduction and population characteristics of river otters in Virginia. Virginia Journal of Science, 32(3): 87.
Anderson-Bledsoe, K.L. and P.F. Scanlon. (1983). Heavy metal concentrations in tissues of Virginia river otters. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 30: 442-447.
Anderson, R.C. (1964). Gnathostoma mryazakii n. sp. from the otter (Lutra canadensis) with comments on G. sociale (Leidy, 1858) of mink (Mustela vison). Canadian Journal of Zoology, 42(2): 249-254.
Andrews, R.D., D.A. Reeved, L.S. Jackson, and W.R. Clark, (1986). Reintroduction of river otters in Iowa. Proceedings of the Iowa Academy of Science, 9391: Abstract 93.
Anonymous. (1857). On the Canadian otter. Canadian Naturalist, 1: 228-232.
Anonymous. (1941)a. Michigan otter still a puzzle. Michigan Conservation, 10(5): 5.
Anonymous. (1941)b. Otter breeding. American Fur Breeder, 14(6): 36.
Anonymous. (1945). Little is known about breeding otters. Fur of Canada, Winnipeg, 10(1): 18.
Anonymous. (1945). Orphan otter found on DeKalb Stream. Outdoor Georgia, Atlanta, 5(30): 7 illus.
Anonymous. (1949). Otter trapped in Chesterfield County, Virginia. Virginia Wildlife, 10(4): 25.
Anonymous. (1977). Ornery otter attacks salmon sailors. Lewiston Tribune, Lewiston, Idaho. August 19.
Anonymous. (1979). Swimming Boy, 5 attacked by otter. Portland Oregon. August 17. (cannot confirm publication V.L. Camp)
Anonymous. (1984). Reprieve for the river otter. The Otter Raft. p. 7
Arnebeck, B. (2003). Making it through the winter. The River Otter Journal, XII(I): 10-12.
Arnebeck, B. (2004). Encounters between otters (Lontra canadensis) and American beaver (Castor canadensis). IUCN Otter Specialist Group Bulletin, 21(1): 6 pp.
Ashcraft, K.J. (2012). Otter visitation at fish-rearing facilities in Pennsylvania. M.S., Frostburg State University. Frostburg, Maryland.
Associated Press. (1998). Resurgent river otters are raising anglers ires: They want to thin numbers with trapping season. St. Louis Post-Dispatch, August 2.
Associated Press. (2012). DNR wrangles with otters’ appetites. December
Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies. (2014). Best management practices for trapping river otter in the United States (updated).
Auglier, B. (2016). River otters are back! UC Santa Cruz, Science Communication Program. University of California. Santa Cruz, California.
Aulerich, R.J., H.G. Davis, S.J. Bursian, J.G. Sikarskie, and J.N. Stuht. (1995). Suspected thiamine deficiency (Chastek’s paralysis) in northern river otter (Lutra canadensis). Scientifur, 19: 297-304.
AZA. (2013). Population analysis & breeding and transfer plan: North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) AZA species survival plan green program
Bailey, V. (1909). Otter as a furbearer. Annual Report: American Breeders’ Association, 5: 313-320.
Bailey, V. (1941). The otter. Nature Magazine, 4(4): 237-238, 252.
Baitchman, E.J. and G.V. Kollias. (2000). Clinical anatomy of the North American river otter (Lontra canadensis). Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 31(4): 473-483.
Baker, J.L., J.H. Wilson, and P.F. Scanlon, (1982). Flexural strength of otter limb bone. Virginia Journal of Science, 33(3): 66.
Baldwin, E. (2013). Activity patterns, behaviors, and population status of the North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) in a northeast coastal environment, Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts. M.S. Thesis, Antioh University New England. Kenne, New Hampshire.
Balke, J.M.E. (1993)a. River otter predation on juvenile salmonids in winter. A review (Unpublished report, Project 92.8). Ministry of Forests, Victoria, British Columbia.
Balke, J.M.E. ( 1993)b. Preliminary report of river otter scat collection and diet analysis in Queen Charlotte Island, November (1992).and February 1993 (Unpublished report, Project 92.8). Ministry of Forests, Victoria, British Columbia, Canada.
Ballard, K.A., J.G. Sivak, and H.C. Howland. (1989). Intraocular muscles of the Canadian river otter and Canadian beaver and their optical function. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 67(2): 469-474.
Bangs, O. (1898). Description of the Newfoundland otter. Proceedings of the Biological Society of Washington, 12: 35-36.
Barding, E.E. (2011). The recovery of the river otter (Lontra canadensis) in Kentucky: Status, distribution, diet, reproductive characteristics and management of a reintroduced species. Ph.D., University of Kentucky.
Barding, E.E., M.J. Lacki, and L.L. Patton. (2010). Recovery of the river otter in Kentucky. Proceedings of the Annual Conference of the Southeast Association of Fish and Wildlife Agencies, 64: 112-117.
Barding, E.E. and M.J. Lacki. (2012)a. Status, distribution, diet, and reproductive characteristics of river otters in Kentucky. Final Report. Annual Research Highlights 2011. Kentucky Department of Fish and Wildlife Resources, 5: 26-35.
Barding, E.E. and M.J. Lacki. (2012)b. Winter diets of river otters in Kentucky. Northeastern Naturalist, 19(2): 157-164.
Barding, E.E., and M.J. Lacki. (2014). Demographic and reproductive characteristics of reintroduced river otters in Kentucky: implications for population growth. American Midland Naturalist, 172(2): 338-347.
Barding, E.E and M.J. Lacki. (2015). Occurrence of nematodes (Dracunculus spp.) in reintroduced river otters in Kentucky. Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science, 75(1-2): 94-96
Barger, N.R. (1950). Otter. Wisconsin Conservation Bulletin, 15: 33.
Barker, I.K. (1991). Non-toxic diseases of mink and otter. p.19: In: Addison, E.M., G.A. Fox, and M. Gilbertson. (eds.). Proceedings of the expert consultation meeting on mink and otter. March 5 and 6, 1991. Sponsored by Environment Canada and Ontario Ministry of Natural Resources. Windsor, Ontario.
Barnston, G. (1863). Remarks on the genus Lutra, and on the species inhabiting North America. Canadian Naturalist and Geologist, 12: 147-188.
Barocas, A., H.N. Golden, M.W. Harrington, D.B. McDonald, and M. Ben-David. (2016). Coastal Latrine sites as social information hubs and drivers of river otter fission-fusion dynamics. Animal Behaviour, 120:103-114.
Barrett, D. (2008). Status and population characteristics of the northern river otter (Lontra canadensis) in central and eastern Oklahoma. M.S., Oklahoma State University, Stillwater.
Barrett, D.A. and D.M. Leslie, Jr. (2010). Current distribution of river otters in central and eastern Oklahoma, within seven new counties. Occasional Papers of the Museum of Texas Tech University, 294(1): 13 pp.
Barrett, D.A. and D.M. Leslie, Jr. (2012). Spatio-temporal variations in age structures of a partially re- established population of northern river otters (Lontra canadensis). The American Midland Naturalist, 168(2): 302-314.
Bartnicki, P.L. and D.B. Boone. (1989). Special report: status of the river otter (Lutra lutra) in Texas. Texas Parks and Wildlife Department, Austin, Texas.
Base, D.L. (1986). Evaluation of experimental reintroduction of river otters in Oklahoma. Unpublished report, Oklahoma Department of Wildlife Conservation Nongame Wildlife Program, Oklahoma City. 40 pp.
Basu, N., A. Scheuhammer, N. Grochowina, D. Evans, M. O’Brien, and H. Chan. (2005). Effects of mercury on neurochemical receptors in wild river otters (Lontra canadensis). Environmental Science and Technology, 39(10): 3585-3591.
Basu, N., A. Scheuhammer, R. Evans, M. H. O’Brien, and H. Chan. (2007). Cholinesterase and monoamine oxidase activity in relation to mercury levels in the cerebral cortex of wild river otters. Human and Experimental Toxicology, 26: 213-220.
Basu, N., A. Scheuhammer, and M. O’Brien. (2007). Polychlorinated biphenyls, organochlorinated pesticides and polybrominated diphenyl ethers in the cerebral cortex of wild river otters (Lontra canadensis). Environmental Pollution, 149: 25-30.
Bateman, H.L., J.B. Bond, M. Campbell, M. Barrie, G. Riggs, B. Snyder, and W.F. Swanson. (2009). Characterization of basal seminal traits and reproductive endocrine profiles in North American river otters and Asian small-clawed otters. Zoo Biology, 28: 107-126.
Bateman, H.L. and W.F. Swanson. (2017). Interaction of extender composition and freezing method for effective semen cryopreservation in the North American river otter (Lontra canadensis).Theriogenology, 101: 26-34.
Bates, B. (1988). Reintroduction of the river otter in Utah. Utah Division of Wildlife Resources, Unpublished Report
Beasley, O.R. (2018). Determinants of social behavior in captive North American river otters (Lontra canadensis). M.S., Winthrop University, Rock Hill, South Carolina.
Beaver, T.D., G.A. Feldhamer, and J.A. Chapman. (1981). Dental and cranial anomalies in the river otter (Carnivora: Mustelidae). Brimleyana 7: 101-109.
Beck, D. (1977). Pesticides and heavy metal residues in Louisiana river otter. M.S., Texas A&M University. College Station, Texas.
Beck, T. (1990). River otter recovery program. Job Progress Report. Colorado Division of Wildlife.
Beck, T.D.I. (1992). Development of river otter reintroduction procedures. Colorado Division of Wildlife. Denver, Colorado.
Beck, T.D.I. (1993). River otter reintroduction procedures. Colorado Division of Wildlife. Research Review, 2: 14-16.
Beckel, A.L., (1981). Interactions between bald eagles and North American river otters. Passenger Pigeon, 43(1): 3-4.
Beckel, A.L. (1982). Behavior of free-ranging and captive river otters in northcentral Wisconsin. Ph.D., University of Minnesota. Minneapolis, Minnesota.
Beckel, A.L. (1985). Social grooming in North American river otter. pp. 319-328. In: Andrews, D. and A.M. Herzberg. Data: a collection of problems from many fields for the student and research worker. Springer Series in Statistics.
Beckel, A.L.(1990). Foraging success rates of North American river otters (Lutra canadensis) hunting alone and hunting in pairs. Canadian Field-Naturalist, 104: 586-588.
Beckel, A.L. (1991). Wrestling play in adult river otters (Lutra canadensis). Journal of Mammalogy, 72(2): 386-390.
Beckel-Kratz, A.L. (1977). Preliminary observations of the social behavior of the North American river otter. Otters: The Journal of the Otter Trust, 28-32.
Beckwith, S. (2003). Rehabilitation of orphan river otters. pp. 51-60. In: Orendorff, B. (ed.). Wildlife Rehabilitation, Vol. 21. National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association.
Beheler, A.S., J.A. Fike, L.M. Murfitt, O.E. Rhodes, and T.L. Serfass. (2004). Development of polymorphic microsatellite loci for North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) and amplification in related Mustelids. Molecular Ecology Notes, 4(1): 56-58.
Beheler, A.S., J.A. Fike, G. Dharmarajan, O.E. Rhodes, and T.L. Serfass. (2005). Ten new polymorphic microsatellite loci for North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) and their utility in related mustelids. Molecular Ecology Notes, 5: 602-604.
Belanger, M., N. Askin, L. Tan, and C. Wittnich. (2010). The history and current status of otter research within Canada based on peer reviewed journal. IUCN Otter Specialist Group Bulletin, 27(3): 127-133.
Belanger, M., N. Clough, N. Askin, L. Tan, and C. Wittnich. (2011). A Review of Violent or Fatal Otter Attacks. IUCN Otter Specialist Group Bulletin, 28(1): 11-16.
Belant, J.L. (1992). Common loon aggression toward river otters and a beaver. 25 May 1985, Iron County. Passenger Pigeon, 54(3): 233–234.
Belfiore, N.M. (2006). Observation of a beaver beetle (Platypsyllus castoris ritsema) on a North American river otter (Lontra canadensis, Schreber) (Carnivora: Mustelidae: Lutrinae) in Sacramento County, California (Coleoptera: Leiodidae: Platypsyllinae). The Coleopterists Bulletin, 60(4): 312-313.
Belfiore, N.M. (2008). Trapping and handling of North American river otters (Lontra canadensis) in a managed marsh. Journal of Zoo and Wildlife Medicine, 39(1): 13-20.
Ben-David, M., R.T. Bowyer, and J.B. Faro. (1996). Niche separation by mink and river otters: Coexistence in a marine environment. Oikos, 75: 41-48.
Ben-David, M., R.T. Bowyer, L.K. Duffy, D.D. Roby, and D.M. Schell. (1998). Social behavior and ecosystem processes: river otter latrines and nutrient dynamics of terrestrial vegetation. Ecology, 79(7): 2567-2571.
Ben-David, M., R.T. Bowyer, and L.K. Duffy. (1999). Exon Valdez oil spill restoration projects final report responses of river otter to oil contaminations. A controlled study of biological stress marker (Restoration Project No.99348). pp 154.
Ben-David, M. (2000). Responses of river otters to oil contamination: a captive study. The River Otter Journal, IX(II): 8-9,12.
Ben-David, M, T.M. Williams, and O.A. Ormseth. (2000). Effects of oiling on exercise physiology and diving behavior of river otters: a captive study. Canadian Journal of Zoology, 78(8): 1380- 1390.
Ben-David, M., L.K. Duffy, G.M. Blundell, and R.T. Bowyer. (2001). Natural exposure of coastal river otters to mercury: Relation to age, diet, and survival. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 20: 1986-1992.
Ben-David, M., L.K. Duffy, and R.T. Bowyer. (2001). Biomarker responses in river otters experimentally exposed to oil contamination. Journal of Wildlife Diseases, 37: 489-508.
Ben-David, M., T. Kondratyuk, B.R. Woodin, P.W. Snyder, and J.J. Stegeman. (2001). Induction of cytochrome P4501A1 expression in captive river otters fed Prudhoe Bay crude oil: evaluation of immunohistochemistry and quantitative RT-PCR. Biomarkers, 6: 218-235.
Ben-David, M. (2002). Can river otters naturally recolonize the Grand Canyon? The River Otter Journal, XI(II).
Ben-David, M, G.M. Blundell, and J.E. Blake. (2002). Post-release survival of river otters: effects of exposure to crude oil and captivity. Journal of Wildlife Management, 66:1208-1223.
Ben-David, M. (2003). Predicting river otter locations with geographic information systems. The River Otter Journal, XII(1): 1-2.
Ben-David, M., H. Golden, M. Goldstein, and I. Martin. (2004). River otters in Prince William Sound and Kenai Fjords National Park: distribution, relative abundance, and minimum population size based on coastal latrine site surveys. Interagency Collaborative Report, Progress Report, Prince William Sound Science Center, Oil Spill Recovery Institute, Cordova, Alaska, USA.
Ben-David, M., G.M. Blundell, J.W. Kern, J.A.K. Maier, E.D. Brown, and S.C. Jewett. (2005). Communication in river otters: creation of variable resource sheds for terrestrial communities. Ecology, 86(5): 1331-1345.
Ben-David, M. (2009). Population survey for river otters in Rocky Mountain National Park. The River Otter Journal, XVII(II): 4-5, 8-9.
Ben-David, M. and H.N. Golden. (2009). River Otters (Lontra canadensis) in south central Alaska: distribution, relative abundance, and minimum population size based on coastal latrine site surveys. SWAN I&M program report, National Park Service. Anchorage, Alaska. 43 pp.
Ben-David, M. (2013). Population survey for river otters in the Rocky Mountain National Park: A progress report for 2012, National Park Service, Rocky Mountain National Park. The River Otter Journal, XXI(II): 1-4.
Bennett, C.H., III. (2014). A predictive habitat model for North American river otter (Lontra canadensis) along low order streams in inland New Jersey. M.S., University of Delaware. Newark, Delaware
Berg, J. (2000). North American river otter diet. The River Otter Journal, IX(II): 4-5.
Berg, J. (1999). Otter slides. The River Otter Journal, XIII(II).
Berg, J. (1998). The Diet of Lutra canadensis in the Upper Colorado River System. IUCN Otter Specialist Bulletin, 19A: 8-11.
Berg, J.K. (2002). Diet and feeding behavior of the North American river otter. IUCN Otter Action Plan
Berg, J.K. (1999). Final report of the river otter research project on the Colorado River Basin and adjacent to the Rocky Mountain National Park, Colorado: conducted June 1992 thru June 1997. Presented to Rocky Mountain National Park, West Unit, Grand Lake, Colorado.
Berg, J.K. (1996). Tracking otters. The River Otter Journal, V(I).
Berg, J.K. (1995). River otter populations in and adjacent to Rocky Mountain National Park. The River Otter Symposium. The Wildlife Society, Albuquerque, New Mexico
Berg, W.E. (1981). Reintroduction of fisher, pine marten, and river otter. pp.159-173. In: Sanderson, G.C. (ed.). Midwest Furbearer Management, Proceedings of a Symposium held at the 43rd Midwest Fish and Wildlife Conference, Wichita, Kansas, 7-8 December 1981.
Berg, W.E. and M. DonCarlos. (1996). Pilot otter population trend survey-project proposal: Minnesota Department of Natural Resources. Wildlife Populations Research Unit Annual Report. pp.130-135. In: Blair, J. (ed.). Summaries of Wildlife Research Findings 1996.
Berg, W.E. and M. DonCarlos. (1998). Experimental river otter population trend survey. Pp. 99-105. In:B. Joselyn (ed.). Summaries of Wildlife Research Findings, 1998.Section of Wildlife, Minnesota Department of Natural Resources, St. Paul, MN. 177pp.
Bergan, J.F. (1990). Kleptoparasitism of a river otter (Lutra canadensis) by a bobcat (Felis rufus) in South Carolina. Brimleyana, 16: 63-65.
Beringer, J. and J. Blair. (2013). Otter population and harvest trends. pp 18-22. In: 2013 Furbearer program annual report. Missouri Department of Conservation; Resource Science Division
Best, A. (1962). The Canadian otter (Lutra canadensis) in captivity. International Zoo Yearbook, 4: 42- 44.
Beverly, J., and C.L. Elliott. (2006). Prey remains identified in river otter (Lontra canadensis, Schreber) latrines from eastern Kentucky. Journal of the Kentucky Academy of Science, 67(2): 125-125.
Bich, J.P. (1988). The feasibility of river otter reintroduction in northern Utah. M.S., Utah State University. Logan, Utah.
Bicher, N.R. (2016). River otter (Lontra canadensis) distribution and habitat availability in Nebraska. M.S., University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, Nebraska. Digital Commons University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Nebraska.
Bieber, N. R. (2016). River Otter (Lontra canadensis) distribution and habitat suitability in Nebraska. M.S. University of Nebraska. Lincoln, Nebraska
Bieber, N.R., S.P. Wilson, and C.R. Allen. (2018). River otter distribution in Nebraska. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 42(1): 136-143.
Birkenheuer, A. J., C.A. Harms, J. Neel, H.S. Marr, M.D. Tucker, A.E. Acton, A. D. Tuttle, and M.K. Stoskopf. (2007). The identification of a genetically unique piroplasma in North American river otters (Lontra canadensis). Parasitology, 134: 631-635.
Bischof, R. (2003). Status of the northern river otter in Nebraska. Prairie Naturalist, 35: 117-120.
Black, J. M. (2001). Keeping track: the otter records network. Mountains and Rivers: A Quarterly Journal of Natural History for the Klamath-Siskiyou Region, 1: 21-22.
Black, J.M. (2009). River otter monitoring by citizen science volunteers in northern California: Social groups and litter Size. Northwestern Naturalist, 90(2): 130-135.
Black, J. M., E. Wampole, and J.E. Mayer. (2016). Fifteen years of river otter monitoring by citizen-science volunteers in northern California: Litter size. Northwestern Naturalist, 97(3): 226-236.
Blaisdell, F. (1999). Rehabilitation of river otters. pp. 1-5. In: Orendorff, B. (ed.). National Wildlife Rehabilitators Association Quarterly Journal, 17(2).
Blajeski, A., L.K. Duffy, and R.T. Bowyer. (1996). Differences in faecal profiles of porphyrins among river otters exposed to the Exxon Valdez oil spill. Biomarkers, 1: 262-266.
Bluett, R. (1984). The river otter. Wisconsin Department of Natural Resources, Bureau of Wildlife Management, Madison, Wisconsin.
Bluett, R. (ed.). (1995). Illinois river otter recovery plan. Illinois Department of Natural Resources, Springfield, Illinois.
Bluett, R.D., E.A. Anderson, G.F. Hubert, G.W. Kruse, and S.E. Lauzon. (1999). Reintroduction and status of the river otter (Lutra canadensis) in Illinois. Transactions of the Illinois Academy of Science, 92(1 and 2): 69-78.
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